盡管面臨氣候問題 發(fā)達(dá)國家仍繼續(xù)批準(zhǔn)新油氣項(xiàng)目

 據(jù)今日石油網(wǎng)2022年4月11日?qǐng)?bào)道，聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)(IPCC)日前發(fā)布的最新報(bào)告稱，為了拯救地球，使其免遭不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的氣候?yàn)?zāi)難，各國政府要么現(xiàn)在開始要么永遠(yuǎn)不開始減少排放。由于各國政府在全球范圍內(nèi)批準(zhǔn)了多個(gè)石油和天然氣項(xiàng)目，發(fā)達(dá)國家似乎選擇了永遠(yuǎn)不開始減排。

 

IPCC主席李會(huì)晟說，“我們正處在十字路口。 我們現(xiàn)在所做的決定能夠確保一個(gè)舒適的未來。 我們有限制氣候變暖所需的工具和技術(shù)。”“我對(duì)許多國家正在采取的氣候行動(dòng)感到鼓舞。 事實(shí)證明，一些政策、法規(guī)和市場(chǎng)工具正在發(fā)揮作用。 如果這些措施得到推廣，得到更廣泛、更公平的應(yīng)用，它們就能支持大幅減排，并促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新。”

 

但據(jù)歐洲新聞報(bào)道，由于疫情的影響和地緣政治導(dǎo)致的能源危機(jī)，許多國家政府選擇繼續(xù)開發(fā)石油和天然氣資源。

 

英國將在北海進(jìn)行更多新油氣鉆井作業(yè)

 

作為新能源安全戰(zhàn)略的一部分，英國政府最近宣布，北海新石油和天然氣項(xiàng)目的許可證將在今年秋季開始出售。

 

環(huán)保人士和氣候活動(dòng)人士對(duì)英國政府此舉表示憤怒，但英國政府為自己辯護(hù)，稱這些項(xiàng)目對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)能源自主是必要的，目的是擺脫對(duì)大國石油和天然氣進(jìn)口的依賴。

 

加拿大批準(zhǔn)北部灣海上石油項(xiàng)目

 

加拿大政府日前正式批準(zhǔn)了這個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的投資120億美元(110億歐元)的北部灣海上石油項(xiàng)目。  

 

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將由挪威能源巨頭Equinor經(jīng)營(yíng)大約30年，在此期間，Equinor將在大西洋Flemish Pass運(yùn)營(yíng)一個(gè)浮式海上油氣生產(chǎn)設(shè)施。 這個(gè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)施預(yù)計(jì)在為期30年的作業(yè)期間將鉆取60多口新井。

 

加拿大政府表示，北部灣海上石油項(xiàng)目將幫助加拿大滿足能源需求，度過艱難的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期。  

 

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的批準(zhǔn)經(jīng)過了數(shù)個(gè)月的辯論和為期4年的審查，但加拿大政府對(duì)北部灣進(jìn)行了環(huán)境評(píng)估，得出結(jié)論稱，“如果考慮到緩解措施”，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)對(duì)周邊環(huán)境造成重大負(fù)面影響。  

 

這些緩解措施包括Equinor在運(yùn)營(yíng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)必須滿足的137項(xiàng)條件，包括保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物、人類健康和當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源獲取。

 

英國：水力壓裂技術(shù)仍在討論中

 

英國商業(yè)、能源和產(chǎn)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略部國務(wù)大臣克沃滕已下令就水力壓裂技術(shù)發(fā)布一份簡(jiǎn)短報(bào)告，以調(diào)查其影響。他說，為了減少英國對(duì)進(jìn)口能源的依賴，所有選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)該擺在桌面上討論。

 

英國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局將調(diào)查與這種有爭(zhēng)議技術(shù)有關(guān)的安全問題，從而結(jié)束自2019年以來對(duì)水力壓裂作業(yè)的暫停，當(dāng)時(shí)抗議活動(dòng)迫使英國政府采取行動(dòng)，阻止水力壓裂技術(shù)在英國使用。

 

葡萄牙希望在莫桑比克建新天然氣廠  

 

?？松梨诠驹谀１瓤藸款^的天然氣國際財(cái)團(tuán)的合作伙伴葡萄牙化石燃料巨頭Galp 能源公司不久前曾表示，該公司希望在2024年在這個(gè)非洲國家開建陸上天然氣廠。

 

據(jù)路透社報(bào)道，Galp能源公司表達(dá)了對(duì)莫桑比克安全局勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂，在那里，武裝分子一直活躍在這個(gè)價(jià)值500億美元(450億歐元)的液化天然氣項(xiàng)目所在地的附近。

 

大國之間簽署購買LNG新協(xié)議

 

這算不上一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目，但仍是全球化石燃料領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)新投資(即使是一個(gè)“更清潔”的項(xiàng)目)：美國液化天然氣開發(fā)商N(yùn)extDecade公司日前簽署了一項(xiàng)新協(xié)議，從2026年開始，民營(yíng)公司每年將從這家美國公司購買150萬噸液化天然氣，為期20年。  

 

這些液化天然氣將來自位于得克薩斯州布朗斯維爾被提議的里約格朗德項(xiàng)目，據(jù)NextDecade公司稱，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將生產(chǎn)“世界上最綠色的液化天然氣”。  

 

液化天然氣被認(rèn)為是最清潔的化石燃料——它的溫室氣體排放量比煤炭少40%。

 

以色列德勒克集團(tuán)擴(kuò)大其在英國北海的存在

 

以色列德勒克集團(tuán)旗下的伊薩卡能源公司最近宣布將收購西卡點(diǎn)能源公司，后者開發(fā)位于設(shè)得蘭群島附近有爭(zhēng)議的坎博油田，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在去年12月因殼牌公司退出而被擱置。

 

殼牌公司持有西卡點(diǎn)能源公司30%的股份，但退出了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，稱投資這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)理由“不夠充分”。

 

以色列德勒克集團(tuán)在2017年收購的在英國北海油氣生產(chǎn)的伊薩卡能源公司將以13.9億歐元(15億美元)收購西卡點(diǎn)能源公司。

 

此次收購意味著坎博油田未來可能會(huì)被擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能，盡管環(huán)保人士對(duì)此表示憤怒，他們認(rèn)為擴(kuò)建將加劇氣候危機(jī)。

 

李峻 編譯自 今日石油網(wǎng)

 

原文如下：

 

Rich countries continue to approve new oil and gas projects despite climate concerns

 

The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released last week says it’s “now or never” for governments to start staving off emissions to save the planet from irreversible climate disaster. Rich countries seem to be choosing never, as governments approve multiple oil and projects across the globe.

 

“We are at a crossroads. The decisions we make now can secure a liveable future. We have the tools and know-how required to limit warming,” said IPCC Chair Hoesung Lee. “I am encouraged by climate action being taken in many countries. There are policies, regulations and market instruments that are proving effective. If these are scaled up and applied more widely and equitably, they can support deep emissions reductions and stimulate innovation.”

 

But in the face of an energy crisis due to fallout from the pandemic, many governments are opting to continue developing oil and gas resources, as a report from euronews.green points put.

 

UK: More drilling in the North Sea

 

As part of its new energy strategy, the UK government recently announced that licensing of new oil and gas projects in the North Sea will start this autumn.

 

Environmental campaigners and climate activists reacted with outrage to the move, but the UK government has defended itself saying such projects are necessary to achieve energy autonomy, with a view to getting rid of the uncomfortable dependence on oil and gas imports.

 

Canada approves Bay du Nord oil

 

Canada’s government has given the green light to the controversial $12 billion (11 billion) Bay du Nord offshore oil project.

 

The project will be managed by Equinor for about 30 years, during which the company will operate a floating offshore oil and gas production facility in the Flemish Pass, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is expected that more than 60 wells will be drilled during three decades of operations.

 

Canada’s government said that the project will help the country meet energy demands through a difficult time of transition.

 

The approval followed months of debates and a four-year-long review of the project, but the government, which conducted an environmental assessment of Bay du Nord, concluded that it will not cause significant negative effects to its surrounding environment “when mitigation measures are taken into account.”

 

These mitigation measures include 137 conditions Equinor will have to satisfy while operating the project, including protecting wildlife, human health and native access to resources.

 

UK: Fracking still on the table

 

British business minister Kwasi Kwarteng has ordered a short report on fracking to investigate its impact, saying that all options should be on the table to reduce Britain’s dependence on imported energy.

 

The British Geological Survey will investigate safety concerns related to the controversial practice, ending a moratorium on fracking which had been in place since 2019, when protests forced the UK government to take action to stop fracking in the country.

 

Portugal hopes to build new gas plants in Mozambique

 

Portugal’s Galp Energia, a partner of the Exxon-led gas consortium in Mozambique, just over a week ago that it hopes to start building onshore plants in the African country in 2024.

 

The company has expressed concerns over the security situation in Mozambique, where ISIS militants have been active near liquefied natural gas projects worth $50 billion (45 billion), Reuters reports.

 

A new deal between big country and the U.S.

 

Not quite a new project, but still a new investment in fossil fuels (even if a “cleaner” one): the big country’s ENN has signed a new deal with US-based NextDecade to buy 1.5 million tonnes per year of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for 20 years, starting in 2026.

 

The gas will come from the proposed Rio Grande project in Brownsville Texas which, according to NextDecade, will produce “the greenest LNG in the world.”

 

LNG is considered the cleanest of fossil fuels – it emits 40 per cent less emissions than coal.

 

Israel’s Delek Group expands its presence in UK’s North Sea

 

Ithaca Energy recently announced it will buy Siccar Point Energy, the company behind the controversial Cambo oil field off Shetland, a project which had been put on hold last December when Shell pulled out.

 

Shell had 30 per cent of stakes in the company but withdrew from the project saying the economic case for investing in the project wasn’t “strong enough.”

 

Ithaca Energy, the UK North Sea production arm of Israel’s Delek Group, which acquired it in 2017, is buying Siccar Point Energy for 1.39 billion ($1.5 billion).

 

The acquisition means that the Cambo oil field is likely to be expanded in the future, despite outrage from environmental campaigners, who believe the expansion of the development will worsen the climate crisis.