能效資源：容量市場(chǎng)的又一參賽者

 

采用ELCC等指標(biāo)來(lái)科學(xué)衡量有效容量。

 

使用成熟的節(jié)能效果測(cè)量和驗(yàn)證（M&V）規(guī)程來(lái)考核能效項(xiàng)目的績(jī)效。

 

值得注意的是，這些規(guī)則應(yīng)當(dāng)避免不必要的限制導(dǎo)致門(mén)檻過(guò)高，由此降低能效項(xiàng)目參與容量市場(chǎng)的效率。

 

目前，在中國(guó)的電力市場(chǎng)中，容量市場(chǎng)仍處于規(guī)劃階段。其設(shè)計(jì)理念不僅著眼于確保電力供應(yīng)，還強(qiáng)調(diào)降低碳排放和優(yōu)化供電成本。通過(guò)合理引入能效資源作為市場(chǎng)主體參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，可以充分發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢(shì)，降低供電成本，增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)靈活性，并減少負(fù)荷高峰期電力系統(tǒng)對(duì)其他可調(diào)度資源的需求。

 

注釋

 

[1]睿博能源智庫(kù)王軒，高馳，何梟對(duì)本文亦有貢獻(xiàn)

 

[2]Berkeley Lab. (2021). Still the One: New Study Finds Efficiency Remains a Cost-Effective Electricity Resource. https://emp.lbl.gov/news/still-one-new-study-finds-efficiency-remains. 

 

更多研究見(jiàn) Berkeley Lab 的出版清單：https://emp.lbl.gov/projects/what-it-costs-save-energy

 

[3]RTO代表區(qū)域輸電組織。在美國(guó)，它與ISO(獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商)幾乎是一個(gè)同義詞。所以在本文中，我們用RTO統(tǒng)一代表。

 

[4]睿博能源智庫(kù). (2014). Energy Efficiency Participation in Electricity Capacity Markets – The US Experience. https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/rap-nemecowart-eeparticipationinelectricitycapacitymarkets-2014-sept-12.pdf

 

[5]PJM. (2023).PJM手冊(cè)18:

 

PJM容量市場(chǎng). 章節(jié) 4.4 Energy Efficiency Resources：https://www.pjm.com/-/media/documents/manuals/m18.ashx

 

[6]同4

 

[7]關(guān)于能效措施在不同RTO的參與年份，見(jiàn) Spees, K.; Graf, W.; & Pfeifenberger, J. (2021). The Benefits of Energy Efficiency Participation in Capacity Markets. 見(jiàn)表格1. https://www.aee.net/hubfs/The%20Benefits%20of%20Energy%20Efficiency%20Participation%20in%20Capacity%20Markets1.pdf. 關(guān)于能效措施有效期測(cè)量，見(jiàn) Gold, R.; Nowak, S. (2019). Energy Efficiency Over Time: Measuring and Valuing Lifetime Energy Savings in Policy and Planning. https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/u1902.pdf

 

[8]E3.(2021). ELCC Concepts and Considerations for Implementation. https://www.nyiso.com/documents/20142/24172725/NYISO%20ELCC_210820_August%2030%20Presentation.pdf

 

[9]睿博能源智庫(kù). (2023). 新形勢(shì)下的電力行業(yè)改革: 促進(jìn)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性、降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、加速碳達(dá)峰. https://www.raponline.org/knowledge-center/practical-power-sector-reforms-to-boost-reliability-reduce-risk-and-accelerate-carbon-peaking-cn/

 

[10]同4

 

[11]IPMVP.(2002). International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy and Water Savings. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31505.pdf

 

[12] 睿博能源智庫(kù)曾對(duì)中國(guó)、歐盟、印度和美國(guó)的能效M&V方案展開(kāi)深度調(diào)查，詳情請(qǐng)見(jiàn) RAP. (2014). Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Measurement, and Verification - A Regional Review of Practices in China, the European Union, India, and the United States. https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/rap-crossleyslotesherman-globalemv-2014-mar-19.pdf

 

[13]同5. 章節(jié) 2.4.5