巴基斯坦推動可再生能源的發(fā)展，但是煤炭的擴張也在繼續(xù)

據(jù)路透社8月8日報道，巴基斯坦政府官員說，巴基斯坦本周啟動了一項計劃，到2030年將其來自可再生能源的電力份額從目前的約4％提高到30％。

Pakistan this week set in motion a plan to boost the share of its electric power that comes from renewables to 30% by 2030, up from about 4% today, government officials said.

 

“新宣布的政策的目標是，到2025年，可再生能源占巴基斯坦電力裝機容量的20％，到2030年這一比例要達到30％。”政府可再生能源發(fā)展署政策總監(jiān)Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry說。

“The targets in the newly announced policy are a 20% share of renewables in installed capacity of Pakistan’s power mix by 2025 and 30% by 2030,” said Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry, policy director for the government’s Alternative Energy Development Board.

 

他說，這將主要包括風能和太陽能，還包括地熱能，潮汐能，波浪能和生物質(zhì)能。

That will include mainly wind and solar power, but also geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass energy, he said.

 

巴基斯坦能源改革特別工作組組長納迪姆•巴巴爾表示，由于預計水力發(fā)電能力將提升，這一轉(zhuǎn)變可能使清潔能源在巴基斯坦電力結(jié)構(gòu)中的比重到2030年時達到65％。

With boosts in hydropower capacity expected as well, the shift could bring the share of clean energy in Pakistan’s electricity mix to 65% by 2030, said Nadeem Babar, head of a task force on energy reforms in Pakistan.

 

巴基斯坦的太陽能和風能開發(fā)商Zeeshan Ashfaq警告說，但是立法通過的是計劃再建設七座燃煤發(fā)電廠，這是中巴經(jīng)濟走廊項目第二階段的一部分。這可能會阻礙可再生能源的規(guī)模擴大。

But the legislation leaves in place plans to build seven more coal-fired power plants as part of the second phase of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor project - something that could impede scale-up of renewable power, warned Zeeshan Ashfaq, a solar and wind energy developer in Pakistan.

 

“后續(xù)大約4000-5000兆瓦的煤電廠計劃將不會為可再生能源提供更多空間，”巴基斯坦SOWITEC（太陽能風電技術）董事總經(jīng)理Ashfaq說。

“A coal pipeline of around 4,000-5,000 megawatts will not provide much space for renewables,” said Ashfaq, managing director of SOWITEC (Solar Wind Technology) Pakistan.

 

總理內(nèi)閣去年12月批準的新的國家可再生能源政策因新冠疫情的流行而推遲，談判人員也在試圖解決與各省的爭端。

The new national renewables policy, approved by the prime minister’s cabinet last December, was delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and as negotiators tried to resolve disputes with individual provinces.

 

但是聯(lián)邦規(guī)劃與發(fā)展部長阿薩德·烏馬爾在社交媒體上表示，這些爭端的解決現(xiàn)在為“釋放巴基斯坦可再生能源的全部潛力”開辟了道路。

But Asad Umar, federal minister for planning and development, said on social media the resolution of those disputes now opened the way to “unleash Pakistan’s full potential” for renewables.

 

能源特別工作組主席，現(xiàn)任總理特別助理巴巴爾說，預計可再生能源的新投資將來自私人投資者，潛在的供應商將在年度拍賣中競標，低關稅提案勝出。

New investment in renewable energy is expected to come from private investors, with potential suppliers bidding in annual auctions and low-tariff proposals winning, said Babar, chair of the energy task force and now special assistant to the prime minister.

 

替代能源委員會的賈夫里表示，這項政策標志著一項重大轉(zhuǎn)變，過去投資者通過單個項目與政府接洽。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, said the policy represented a significant shift from the past, when investors approached the government with individual projects.

 

可再生能源開發(fā)商阿什法克表示，和前任政府相比，現(xiàn)任政府對可再生能源表現(xiàn)出更大興趣。“上屆政府的重點是對化石燃料發(fā)電廠進行投資。新政府對可再生能源的態(tài)度更加開放并希望促進其發(fā)展。”他說。

Ashfaq, the renewables developer, said the current government had shown more interest in renewable energy than previous administrations.“The last government’s focus was on investing in fossil fuel power plants. This new government is much more open to renewable energy and wants to promote it” he said.

 

巴巴爾說，大多數(shù)新計劃的可再生能源將是太陽能或風能，這兩種技術占比平均，從風力發(fā)電場到屋頂太陽能，各種技術應運而生。“我們已經(jīng)有30多個正在運營的風能和太陽能發(fā)電廠，都由本地和國際銀行，多邊和出口信貸機構(gòu)資助。新的電廠將以同樣的方式籌集資金”。他說，新的可再生能源計劃代表了“一個雄心勃勃但有望實現(xiàn)的目標”。

Babar said most of the new planned renewable power would be solar or wind, divided roughly equally between the two technologies, and coming from everything from wind farms to rooftop solar.“We already have more than 30 wind and solar plants in operation, all financed privately by local and international banks, multilaterals and export credit agencies. New ones will be financed the same way,” he said. The new renewables plan represents “an ambitious target but achievable”, he said.

 

阿什法克預測，到2030年，國際投資者可能會在該計劃中投入多達150億美元。盡管他警告說，可再生能源投資將取決于政府明確的使用目標，以及該國工業(yè)化進程中對電力的需求不斷增長。他表示，在過去的兩年中，巴基斯坦電力需求放緩，甚至在三月份新冠疫情流行之前，經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)處于困境之中。

International investors could put as much as $15 billion into the plan by 2030, Ashfaq predicted - though he cautioned that renewables investment would depend on clear government targets for its use, and growing demand for power as the country industrialises.Growth in power demand has slowed over the past two years, with Pakistan’s economy struggling even before the coronavirus pandemic hit in March, he said.

 

Ashfaq表示，中巴經(jīng)濟走廊項目將重點放在建設新的燃煤電廠上，這是擴大可再生能源規(guī)模的一大潛在障礙。“ CPEC發(fā)電項目中近70％的發(fā)電能力是燃煤。通過CPEC的煤電項目，燃煤發(fā)電量將從2017年的3％增加到2025年的20％。”實現(xiàn)該國的可再生能源目標將需要重新考慮那些計劃。

One big potential roadblock to scaling renewables is the focus of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project on building new coal-fired power plants, Ashfaq said.“Nearly 70% of generation capacity of CPEC power projects is coal fired. With CPEC coal-power projects, coal-fired generation capacity will increase from 3% in 2017 to 20% in 2025,” he said.Achieving the country’s renewable energy aims will require rethinking those plans, he said.

 

但是巴巴爾說：“CPEC中得到預授權(quán)的化石燃料項目將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行，并將進入建設階段”。

But Babar said “pre-authorized fossil fuel projects under CPEC will continue execution - they will go into construction”.

 

這表明巴基斯坦將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行計劃，到2024年建成所有七個新的CPEC燃煤電廠。

That suggests Pakistan will continue with plans to build all seven new CPEC coal-fired power plants by 2024.

 

替代能源委員會的賈夫里說，盡管他相信新的可再生能源政策是“現(xiàn)實且能夠完成的”，但它也與對巴基斯坦到2047年能源需求的預測有關。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, however, said he believed the new renewables policy was “achievable and realistic”, as it was linked to forecasts of Pakistan’s energy demand through 2047.